Automatic Piano Transcription
Automatic piano transcription is a very important problem in the field of music information retrieval (MIR). It consists in generating musical scores from raw audio signals, to be used as a basis for computer-aided music teaching or piano grade exams.
To achieve this goal, a number of different algorithms have been proposed. Some of these use conventional MIDI notation, while others take the form of complex mathematical models. Most of the recent approaches, however, rely on deep learning. This chapter will focus on analysing and improving a state-of-the-art APT algorithm based on deep learning, Onsets and Frames [1].
2.2 Conclusion: The main challenge in APT is note onset detection. Each musical note has a start time, the onset, and an end time, the offset. The onset can be detected as the point in the waveform where its amplitude increases above a certain threshold value, or it could be a more precise time, such as when the key is pressed down or released. Moreover, each note has an envelope that changes over time. The attack phase is the period of time where the amplitude is maximal, followed by the decay phase where it gradually decreases.
Deep Learning in Automatic Piano Transcription
Technological advancements have transformed the practice of piano transcription in recent years, opening up new possibilities for collaboration, distribution, and performance. Digital notation software allows transcribers to create and share their arrangements with ease, reaching audiences around the world with the click of a button. Online platforms and communities provide a forum for musicians to exchange ideas, resources, and feedback, fostering a sense of camaraderie and collaboration within the transcription community.
Moreover, the internet has made it easier than ever for pianists to access a vast repository of transcriptions, arrangements, and sheet music from virtually any musical genre or era. Websites such as IMSLP (International Music Score Library Project) and MuseScore offer a treasure trove of public domain and user-generated content, allowing pianists to explore and discover new repertoire at their own pace.
Piano transcription, as an art form, is a testament to the versatility and adaptability of the piano as a musical instrument. It allows for the exploration of diverse musical styles and genres, transcending the limitations of individual instruments or ensembles to create rich and expressive interpretations that resonate with audiences worldwide.
One of the most compelling aspects of piano transcription is its ability to breathe new life into existing compositions. By translating music originally written for other instruments or contexts into the language of the piano, transcribers unlock fresh insights and perspectives, revealing hidden nuances and layers of meaning that may have gone unnoticed in the original work.
In conclusion, piano transcription is a dynamic and multifaceted art form that continues to evolve and adapt to the ever-changing landscape of music. It bridges the gap between past and present, tradition and innovation, enabling pianists to explore a diverse repertoire of music from around the world. As long as there are composers, arrangers, and performers passionate about the piano, the art of transcription will continue to flourish, enriching our lives with its beauty, complexity, and boundless creativity.